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Papal Medal - Gregory XIII / Celestial Bodies


Bronze, 60.8 mm Ø

Obverse: Bust of Gregory XIII facing right, wearing decorative cope. Around, GREGORIVS · XIII · PONT · MAXIMVS · AN · XIII (Gregory XIII, Supreme Pontiff, In His Thirteenth Year). Below, separating the beginning and end of the inscription, a small dragon.

Reverse: The sun in the middle of the zodiac, with its rays extending outwards. The Earth beneath it, with various stars and celestial bodies throughout. Around, NON · EST · QVI · SE · ABSCONDAT · A · CALORE · EIVS (No one can hide from his warmth). Below, separating the beginning and end of the inscription, a small dragon.

A somewhat mysterious medal, unlisted as a medal in the recent Corpus Numismatum Omnium Romanorum Pontificum (Volume III) published by Adolfo Modesti in 2004. References for this design, however, do go back to two of the earliest books on papal medals: Numismata Pontificum Romanorum quæ a tempore Martini V usque ad annum M.DC.XCIX by Filippo Bonanni (published in 1699) and Numismata Romanorum Pontificum præstantiora a Martino V ad Benedictum XIV by Ridolfino Venuti (published in 1744). Modesti does make note of the engraving of the reverse design which is present in Bonanni, but regards it as an emblem of Gregory XIII which was erroneously published by Bonanni as a medal.

Uno Boncompagni was born on January 7, 1502, was elected to the papacy on May 13, 1572, took the name of Gregory XIII, and died on April 10, 1585, a month short of reaching thirteen years on the papal throne. This medal, however, is dated to that unrealized thirteenth year. Venuti neglects mention of the regnal year in the transcription of the obverse inscription, and Bonanni's work records only reverses. Both works do identify the medal as a memorial to the pontiff, which would indicate a posthumous issue. It was possibly cast shortly after his death in 1585, in what would have been the thirteenth year of his reign.

The reverse inscription is adapted from Psalm 18:7 (Vulgate): A summo caelo egressio ejus. Et occursus ejus usque ad summum ejus; nec est qui se abscondat a calore ejus. (His going out is from the end of heaven, And his circuit even to the end thereof: and there is no one that can hide himself from his heat.) The design would seem to extoll the accomplishments of Gregory, with his achievements reaching all the Earth, just as do the rays of the sun. The small dragon featured on both the obverse and reverse is a device taken from the Boncompagni coat of arms.

References: Bonanni p. 365, LXIII (engraving LXII); Venuti p. 155, LXII; cf. Modesti (CNORP) p. 573

Comments

  • WillieBoyd2WillieBoyd2 Posts: 5,034 ✭✭✭✭✭

    This is a very nice renaissance medal.

    Were they sold or given to important people in the church?

    I'm not sure if this means anything but on the reverse the little globe with the arrow pointing up is an old emblem for Mars.

    :)

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  • lordmarcovanlordmarcovan Posts: 43,194 ✭✭✭✭✭
    edited December 28, 2016 2:01AM

    It's a lovely piece, with a rather "modern" look (by that, I mean the execution of the lettering and some of the other die characteristics I can't quite define give it an almost 19th century appearance to me.) I gather that though the design is centuries old, there's no real way to determine exactly when this particular piece was created?

    Regardless, it's very handsome.

    Edit:

    Aha- I just read your sentence that said,

    It was possibly cast shortly after his death in 1585, in what would have been the thirteenth year of his reign.

    If so, that seems remarkably proficient for a 16th century medal. But I suppose I shouldn't be so surprised, having seen some of your other pieces. I suppose the papacy would've received the services of the very best medallic craftsmen in the West at the time. Makes sense.


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  • IosephusIosephus Posts: 872 ✭✭✭

    @WillieBoyd2 said:
    This is a very nice renaissance medal.

    Were they sold or given to important people in the church?

    I'm not sure if this means anything but on the reverse the little globe with the arrow pointing up is an old emblem for Mars.

    Different medals would have various uses, and were often given as gifts between nobles or other people of status, distributed as propaganda, placed into building foundations, or even sold by the artist's studio.

    Thanks for pointing out Mars!

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