King George IV trivia...or how a little marriage counseling might have changed the course of history.
King George had a contentious relationship with his wife Caroline, and thus only one legitimate heir, Princess Charlotte. Princess Charlotte eventually died in childbirth after delivering a stillborn son (a long and suffering labor mostly of interest to obstetricians).
This led to Victoria becoming the heir to the throne and eventually, through her descendants, hemophilia was introduced into the ruling houses of Germany, Russia, and Spain. Her youngest son, Prince Leopold, also suffered.
It was most likely a de novo or spontaneous mutation that started either with Victoria, or perhaps in her mother and Victoria's two siblings happened to not inherit the afflicted X chromosome. Neither Victoria's mother nor father's family had a history to suggest prior hemophilia...unless one of her parents wasn't who we thought it was, which is unlikely. Up to 30% or so of mutations are de novo and not familial, so this is much more likely the situation.
In any case, 'the Royal Disease' and it's impact would have been quite different had either Charlotte produced a living heir, or if King George and Queen Caroline had managed to reconcile enough to provide a second (or more) child(ren). If Victoria had not been Queen her children would likely have not been so well married into the other ruling houses...and the so-called Royal Disease would at the very least had a different name.
That's what I always think of when I see good old King George IV.
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King George had a contentious relationship with his wife Caroline, and thus only one legitimate heir, Princess Charlotte. Princess Charlotte eventually died in childbirth after delivering a stillborn son (a long and suffering labor mostly of interest to obstetricians).
This led to Victoria becoming the heir to the throne and eventually, through her descendants, hemophilia was introduced into the ruling houses of Germany, Russia, and Spain. Her youngest son, Prince Leopold, also suffered.
It was most likely a de novo or spontaneous mutation that started either with Victoria, or perhaps in her mother and Victoria's two siblings happened to not inherit the afflicted X chromosome. Neither Victoria's mother nor father's family had a history to suggest prior hemophilia...unless one of her parents wasn't who we thought it was, which is unlikely. Up to 30% or so of mutations are de novo and not familial, so this is much more likely the situation.
In any case, 'the Royal Disease' and it's impact would have been quite different had either Charlotte produced a living heir, or if King George and Queen Caroline had managed to reconcile enough to provide a second (or more) child(ren). If Victoria had not been Queen her children would likely have not been so well married into the other ruling houses...and the so-called Royal Disease would at the very least had a different name.
That's what I always think of when I see good old King George IV.
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