Completed a moneyer set of Anglo-Saxon Northumbrian stycas
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With a recent purchase, I have completed a complete set of every moneyer known to strike coins for Northumbrian England. Northumbria is located in the north of England, with its major center of York. It was one of the seven kingdoms of the "Heptarchy" during Anglo-Saxon times, and was once the major power in England, but faded quickly after the Vikings attacked in the 8th and 9th centuries.
Coins in Northumbria are called stycas, a word that means "piece" and is not contemporary, probably comes from the 18th century. Coins during this time would not have been labeled as such, but since that is what they are traditionally called, I will continue the use.
Stycas were a debased currency, which started as a silver alloy and over the years progressed to a brass or bronze composition. They followed the sceatta currency, which in Northumbria featured the name of a ruler with an animal form on the back. I collect these too, but since there is no moneyer on the coin, I will ignore these types for a later thread. The stycas were probably all made at the city of York. They are among the simplest of literate coins, with the names of a ruler on one side, and the moneyer on the other. They were minted for kings- Aethelred I, Eardwulf, Aelfwald II, Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht, as well as for powerful church leaders- Archbishops Eanbald I, Eanbald II, Wigmund, and Wulfhere.
There are several thousand stycas known, with large hoards found during the 19th and 20th century, mostly residing in museums. There are not many people who collect these, but I have met some. These coins are among the last artistic coins ever created.
The moneyers were the guys that actually made the coins. They placed their names on the reverse for practical reasons, to identify the product and so they could be judged as to whether their coins were up to the standards of the day. Overall, there are 40 distinct moneyer names found on styca coins. As can be expected, some are very rare, while others extremely common. I've been hunting them down for several years, and have been fortunate enough to find an example of each.
Some are quite worn and others look like the day they were struck. I am still looking for upgrades on a number of them.
Here are the coins:
Aethelheah, a moneyer for king Eanred
O:+EANRED RE
R: +EDILECH
Aethelhelm, a moneyer for king Osberht and Archbishop Wigmund
O: +OSBRCHT
R: +EDELHELM
Aethelweard, a moneyer for Archbishops Eanbald II and Wigmund
O: +EANBALD
R: +EDILVEARD
Aldates, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED RE
R: +ALDATES
Alghere, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf
O: +AEDILRED Rx
R: +ALGHERE
Badigils, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: EA++NRED R (retrograde)
R: +BADIGILS
Brother, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, and Redwulf
O: +REDVLF RE
R: +BRODER
Ceolbald, a moneyer for king Aethelred I
O: +AEDILRED
R: +CEOLBALD
Coenred, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf, and Archbishop Wigmund
O: +VIGMVND IREP
R: +COENRED
Cuthberht, a moneyer for king Redwulf
O: +REDVLF REX
R: +CVDBEREhT
Cutheard, a moneyer for kings Aethelred I, Eardwulf, Aelfwald II, and Eanred
O: +AEDILRERD
R: +CVDHEARD
Cuthgils, a moneyer for kings Aethelred I and Aelfwald II
O: ED+LRED
R: +CVD CLS
Cynemund, a moneyer for king Aethelred II
O: +EDILRED RE (retrograde)
R: +CVNIMVND
Cynwulf, a moneyer for king Eanred and Archbishop Eanbald II
O: EAIRED REX (retrograde)
R: CYNVALF
Daegberct, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +DAEGBERCT
Eadwine, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +EADVINI
Eadwulf, a moneyer for Archbishop Eanbald II
O: +EANBALD
R: +EODVVLF
Eanbald is probably Archbishop Eanbald I, but there is some thought that it represents a moneyer named Eanbald (since there is no title). I include for completion
O: +AEDILRED
R: EANBALD
Eanred, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf
O: +AEDILRED R
R: +EANRED
Eanwulf, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Osberht
O: +EDILRE R (retrograde)
R: +EANNLF
Eardwulf, a moneyer for king Aethelred II
O: +EDILRED REX
R: +EARDVVLF
Forthred, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, and Redwulf
O: +REVL RE
R: +EORDRE
Fulcnoth, a moneyer for king Eanred
+EANRED REX
+FVLCNOD
Gadutels, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED RE
R: +GADVTEIS
Herreth, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +HERRED
Hnifula, a moneyer for king Aethelred I
O: +EDILRED
R: +HNIFVLA
Hunlaf, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf, and Archbishop Wigmund
O: +VIGMVD IPER
R: +HVNLAF
Hwaetnoth, a moneyer for king Redwulf
O: +REDVLF REX
R: +HVAETNDD
Hwaetred, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +HVAETRED
Leofthegn, a moneyer for king Aethelred II
O: +EDILRED REX
R: +LEOFDEJN
Monne, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht
O: +EDILRED
R: +MONNE
Odilo, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, and (possibly) Redwulf
O: +EANRED REX
R: +ODILO MON
Tidwine, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED RE
R: +TIDVINI
Tidwulf, a moneyer for king Aethelred I
O: +AEDILRED R
R: +TIDVVLF
Wendelberht, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf
O: +REDVVLF REX
R: +VENDELBERHT
Wihtred, a moneyer for kings Eanred and Aethelred II
O: +EDILRED REX
R: +VIHTRED
Wilheah, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +VILHEAH
Winiberht, a moneyer for king Osberht
O: OSBERCHT RE
R: VINIBERHT
Wulfheard, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EAHRED R
R: VLFHEARD
Wulfred, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, and Osberht, and Archbishop Wulfhere
O: +VLFHERE ABED (retrograde)
R: +VVLFRED (retrograde)
Wulfsige, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Osberht
O: +EDILRED RE
R: +VVLFSIC
Coins in Northumbria are called stycas, a word that means "piece" and is not contemporary, probably comes from the 18th century. Coins during this time would not have been labeled as such, but since that is what they are traditionally called, I will continue the use.
Stycas were a debased currency, which started as a silver alloy and over the years progressed to a brass or bronze composition. They followed the sceatta currency, which in Northumbria featured the name of a ruler with an animal form on the back. I collect these too, but since there is no moneyer on the coin, I will ignore these types for a later thread. The stycas were probably all made at the city of York. They are among the simplest of literate coins, with the names of a ruler on one side, and the moneyer on the other. They were minted for kings- Aethelred I, Eardwulf, Aelfwald II, Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht, as well as for powerful church leaders- Archbishops Eanbald I, Eanbald II, Wigmund, and Wulfhere.
There are several thousand stycas known, with large hoards found during the 19th and 20th century, mostly residing in museums. There are not many people who collect these, but I have met some. These coins are among the last artistic coins ever created.
The moneyers were the guys that actually made the coins. They placed their names on the reverse for practical reasons, to identify the product and so they could be judged as to whether their coins were up to the standards of the day. Overall, there are 40 distinct moneyer names found on styca coins. As can be expected, some are very rare, while others extremely common. I've been hunting them down for several years, and have been fortunate enough to find an example of each.
Some are quite worn and others look like the day they were struck. I am still looking for upgrades on a number of them.
Here are the coins:
Aethelheah, a moneyer for king Eanred
O:+EANRED RE
R: +EDILECH
Aethelhelm, a moneyer for king Osberht and Archbishop Wigmund
O: +OSBRCHT
R: +EDELHELM
Aethelweard, a moneyer for Archbishops Eanbald II and Wigmund
O: +EANBALD
R: +EDILVEARD
Aldates, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED RE
R: +ALDATES
Alghere, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf
O: +AEDILRED Rx
R: +ALGHERE
Badigils, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: EA++NRED R (retrograde)
R: +BADIGILS
Brother, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, and Redwulf
O: +REDVLF RE
R: +BRODER
Ceolbald, a moneyer for king Aethelred I
O: +AEDILRED
R: +CEOLBALD
Coenred, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf, and Archbishop Wigmund
O: +VIGMVND IREP
R: +COENRED
Cuthberht, a moneyer for king Redwulf
O: +REDVLF REX
R: +CVDBEREhT
Cutheard, a moneyer for kings Aethelred I, Eardwulf, Aelfwald II, and Eanred
O: +AEDILRERD
R: +CVDHEARD
Cuthgils, a moneyer for kings Aethelred I and Aelfwald II
O: ED+LRED
R: +CVD CLS
Cynemund, a moneyer for king Aethelred II
O: +EDILRED RE (retrograde)
R: +CVNIMVND
Cynwulf, a moneyer for king Eanred and Archbishop Eanbald II
O: EAIRED REX (retrograde)
R: CYNVALF
Daegberct, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +DAEGBERCT
Eadwine, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +EADVINI
Eadwulf, a moneyer for Archbishop Eanbald II
O: +EANBALD
R: +EODVVLF
Eanbald is probably Archbishop Eanbald I, but there is some thought that it represents a moneyer named Eanbald (since there is no title). I include for completion
O: +AEDILRED
R: EANBALD
Eanred, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf
O: +AEDILRED R
R: +EANRED
Eanwulf, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Osberht
O: +EDILRE R (retrograde)
R: +EANNLF
Eardwulf, a moneyer for king Aethelred II
O: +EDILRED REX
R: +EARDVVLF
Forthred, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, and Redwulf
O: +REVL RE
R: +EORDRE
Fulcnoth, a moneyer for king Eanred
+EANRED REX
+FVLCNOD
Gadutels, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED RE
R: +GADVTEIS
Herreth, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +HERRED
Hnifula, a moneyer for king Aethelred I
O: +EDILRED
R: +HNIFVLA
Hunlaf, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf, and Archbishop Wigmund
O: +VIGMVD IPER
R: +HVNLAF
Hwaetnoth, a moneyer for king Redwulf
O: +REDVLF REX
R: +HVAETNDD
Hwaetred, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +HVAETRED
Leofthegn, a moneyer for king Aethelred II
O: +EDILRED REX
R: +LEOFDEJN
Monne, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht
O: +EDILRED
R: +MONNE
Odilo, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, and (possibly) Redwulf
O: +EANRED REX
R: +ODILO MON
Tidwine, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED RE
R: +TIDVINI
Tidwulf, a moneyer for king Aethelred I
O: +AEDILRED R
R: +TIDVVLF
Wendelberht, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Redwulf
O: +REDVVLF REX
R: +VENDELBERHT
Wihtred, a moneyer for kings Eanred and Aethelred II
O: +EDILRED REX
R: +VIHTRED
Wilheah, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EANRED REX
R: +VILHEAH
Winiberht, a moneyer for king Osberht
O: OSBERCHT RE
R: VINIBERHT
Wulfheard, a moneyer for king Eanred
O: +EAHRED R
R: VLFHEARD
Wulfred, a moneyer for kings Eanred, Aethelred II, and Osberht, and Archbishop Wulfhere
O: +VLFHERE ABED (retrograde)
R: +VVLFRED (retrograde)
Wulfsige, a moneyer for kings Aethelred II and Osberht
O: +EDILRED RE
R: +VVLFSIC
1
Comments
8 Reales Madness Collection
Congratulations and thanks for this informative post!
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What an impressive set! Thank you so much for sharing it with us!
+ a bunch on both points
Not really familiar with this series so didn't realize this was even possible. I've only really finished one in depth set like this (of national currency), appreciate how hard it is to do and am in awe when I see something like this. Congrats on an outstanding accomplishment.
How does one get a hater to stop hating?
I can be reached at evillageprowler@gmail.com
Taler Custom Set
Ancient Custom Set
and I think the Tidwine needs some love and tender , doesn't look healthy imho.
Taler Custom Set
Ancient Custom Set
The collection, like all collections, will forever be a work in progress. While I managed to track down every moneyer, I still don't have every monarch. I lack coins of kings Aelfwald I, Eardwulf, and Aelfwald II. These are all quite rare, but they'll eventually turn up. There are combinations of kings and moneyers which I lack, some of which are stupendously rare. There are upgrade candidates, like the coin of Tidwine, which are sorely needed. There are kings for which no coins are known (but could still potentially turn up). Plus there's all of southern Anglo-Saxon England, with its Egberht's, Aethelred's, Aethelberht's, etc. Could collect for a lifetime with unlimited funds and never finish. But that's part of the fun of it.
Thanks, I wish there was more history. Almost nothing is known about this kingdom of Northumbria, besides a list of kings and trifle amount of details in the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" and the writings of Alcuin. The coins are the history, they are the primary sources, they are all we have. These moneyers were nobodies, craftsmen (skilled is probably a little generous), who lived and died in complete anonymity over 1000 years ago, who possible could neither read nor write, and yet through these little ugly coins, we have a glimpse into that dimly lit world. All we know is their names, but even the humble craftsmen were given names aspiring to greatness, fit for a king: Aethelweard, noble-protection; Leofthegn, beloved-thegn; Cynewulf, royal-wolf.
Thanks. I was fortunate on three points:
Firstly, that completion of a set like this is indeed possible. For later coins, such as those of king Aethelred the Unready, there are hundreds of moneyers making coins at dozens of mints. London itself probably has over a hundred moneyers just during this king's reign. Completion of this would not just take crazy resources, but would probably not be possible as some moneyers are represented by single coin or two in the large institutional collections of the UK and Sweden.
Second, that these coins are just expensive enough that they are worth selling individually, but not so expensive that they are out of range for a collector of modest means. Twenty or thirty years ago, these coins were rarely cataloged since they did not command much, and were frequently thrown together in large lots without any description.
Third, there have been some very large collections that have come to market over the last 3-4 years that have allowed the procurement of otherwise hard to find items. Many were sold by CNG, making life easy for me since they are located in the US.
Fourth I should add, is the thing we can never look past as collectors, that we are so fortunate as to have the disposable money to spend on silly luxuries like antique coins.
Thanks. It's good to see consistency though. While the East Angles had all kinds of strange human designs, the northern English were far less creative. It would have been something to investigate, had the currency taken a major decline in its artistic quality over a generation. However, that's not the case, stycas a simple and exactly what we might expect. Stycas were a practical currency for internal trade and they lack any sort of frills.
Thanks, I am probably going to put together a coin tray for them, for the times when they are not living in the safe box. And I'd like to upgrade the Tidwine coin when possible
I don't belong to the ANA but was considering joining. This might be enough to push me into action.
Third, there have been some very large collections that have come to market over the last 3-4 years that have allowed the procurement of otherwise hard to find items.
It's funny how this happens. I had a similar situation putting together my set of every conceivable major or minor variety of small sized national currency notes for St Louis. It took about 11 years to find all 70 pieces. I started by merging key pieces of a friend's collection with mine (my friend had been working major variety set (44 pieces) for about a decade). After the merge, I needed just 6 notes and within a week picked up one of those. Then for the next 9 1/2 years I found only 2 notes and I was beginning to think there was no end in site. About that time a previously unreported variety (but which I'd identified as existing) appeared on ebay that went cheap and over the next 14 months the last 2 fell into my net, thanks to the Newman collection sales.
As you say, disposable income is a necessary condition, but success is also strongly correlated with a realistic plan of attack, a great deal of patience and frankly a bit of luck to be in the right place with enough money when opportunity knocks.