Id help please - GB/Irish Tax Evasion Token

dcamp78

Okay, here are pictures of the token:

Obverse:


Reverse:


Here is what I've found so far:

The Washington North Wales Token: Introduction

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Like most of the Washington pieces the North Wales token is considered to have been minted in Birmingham, quite probably at the mint owned by William Lutwyche. Cobwright has die linked this token to a large series of tokens associated with Lutwyche. However, the Birmingham origin and the obverse bust of Washington appear to be the only similarities between the North Wales token and the rest of the Washington series.

The obverse of this undated and undenominated piece contains a bust left portrait of Washington with the misspelled motto "GEORGEIVS WASHINGTON" while the reverse displays the crowned Irish harp with the legend "NORTH WALES". The token was struck on a thin planchet using rather shallow dies so the product would look worn at the time of minting. The misspelling , the thin planchet and shallow dies are evidence these coins were produced as evasion halfpence. Further, most extant examples shows several die cracks on the obverse, indicating a poorly prepared die. Also, the use of GEORGEIVS is reminiscent of the royal GEORGIVS, while the Irish harp was a familiar reverse found on evasion Irish halfpence.

It appears this token was not produced for the collector's market or for sale or use in America but rather was minted as a British evasion halfpence for local use. If it was produced for American the misspelling and other evasive elements would not have been necessary. As an evasion issue contemporary information on the manufacturer and date of issue would have been suppressed by the minters. The pieces are often dated ca. 1795 as Baker lists them immediately after the Grate Halfpenny and the Liberty and Security series of 1795. Recently Alexander has listed the North Wales token as ca. 1792, possibly suspecting it was more or less contemporary with the 1793 Ship halfpenny and the 1791 backdated Liverpool halfpenny (of 1793).

The pieces are found in at least three or possibly four varieties. The most common form is made of copper, as described above, with a sixfoil (that is, a six petal rosette sometimes less accurately called a star) on either side of the base of the harp and a plain edge. Breen divides this variety by planchet size stating some are on a medium planchet of 97.5 to 111 grains while others are on a small thin planchet of 91-19.6 grains. Cobwright has obversed two distinct planchet types which he distinguishes as a variety with a raised rim and another variety with a flat rim. A second rarer variety (with less than 10 examples known) is made of brass and has a lettered edge "PAYABLE IN LANCA LONDON OR BRISTOL" while a third very rare copper variety has a plain edge and contains two sixfoils on either side of the base of the harp (that is a total of four rather than two sixfoils). Pictures of the four sixfoil variety are rather poor in most guidebooks, the best illustration is in the Roper auction catalog (the same coin is in Breen but in a poorer quality photograph). A fourth variety with a bust facing right portrait was mentioned by Baker in 1885 but no example has ever been located.

According to Breen the reverse dies used for this token were muled with other tokens attributed to Lutwyche, however no examples are mentioned. Cobwright states the rare reverse containg four sixfoils was also muled with a Thomas Seymour obverse (A.443, Cobwright T.0030/N.0240), which he links directly to the token halfpenny of William Mighells (Dalton and Hamer, Sussex, 11). Breen suggests the reason no obverse mulings have been located is that he suspects the obverse die, which shows several die cracks, broke during use.

References
I would like to thank Mr. Cobwright for his comments in an e-mail of September 24, 2001. I have made several corrections based on his comments as attributed above. Also, based on his comments I have reversed Breen's suggestion that the brass variety is more common than the copper and revised the edge lettering from the generic phrase given in Breen.

See Alexander, p. 88; Breen, pp. 145; the revision of W.S. Baker's 1885 catalog by Russell Rulau and George Fuld, Medallic Portraits of Washington , Iola, WI: Krause, 1985, p. 34; George Fuld, "Coinage Featuring George Washington,"in Coinage of the Confederation Period, ed. by Philip L. Mossman, Coinage of the Americas Conference, Proceedings No. 11, held at the American Numismatic Society, October 28, 1995, New York: American Numismatic Society, 1996, pp. 165-259 on p. 209-210 (unfortunately the E was inadvertently left out in his transcription of the obverse legend); Stacks, The John L. Roper, 2nd Collection of Colonial and Early American Coins, Public acution catalog, sale December 8 and 9, 1983, New York: Stacks, lots 396-398 on pp. 133-134.

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Does anyone have a reference that can verify that this is the same coin?
If so, is there a rarity rating and/or approximate value?

Thanks,

dcamp78

ttt

Writersblock

The pictured coin is definitely Cobwright T.0030N.0240

The obverse is the same as that used for Sussex 11. The reverse is only used for this one evasion token (Unless it is used muled with an Irish or Scottish Conder token. It is not muled with and English, Angelsey, or Wales token). There are four other North Wales evasion token reverses but on all of the others the sixfoils are arranged with one before and one after each word. This reverse is not connected to the Washington obv other than by die engraver.

The piece appears to be in the mid range of rarity and value, based on Cobwright value estimates from 1993. In 93 he valued it roughly around seven pounds. Allowing for inflation and adjusting for the changing dollar/pound values, I would think a reasonable price would probably be in the $25 to $30 range today.

I hope that helps.

By the way these are not tax evasion tokens, they are tokens made with different designs and/or inscriptions intended to evade the counterfeiting laws. Before about the 1770's counterfeiting the silver or gold coinage was considered a felony and an offense against the crown. The punishment could be death. Counterfeiting copper on the other hand was considered to just be a misdemeanor and the punishment was also much lighter. (This was because copper was not legal tender.) But after about 1775 the counterfeiting of copper was raised to a felony as well. But due to an oversight in the law a piece was only considered to be a counterfeit if it was made in exact similitude to a genuine coin. If they changed the design or legends then the piece would "evade" the counterfeiting laws. Hence evasion pieces.

dcamp78

WB,

Thanks so much for the great information. I was getting worried...
it's been 24 hours and nobody had identified my coin yet!!!

Thanks again,

Writersblock

I don't drop by here every day and when I do come to the forums I typically do the US forum first and then come here if I have the time. You probably didn't get any action on the question because the Cobwright book is not one that is commonly encountered. (There a few people here with good libraries who might have a copy, but I would not be surprised if it turned out I have the only copy on the forum.) It is not even a book that can be easily searched for unless you know the exact title. And it takes some getting used to, it's not the easiest book to use.

dcamp78

I'm glad you had one. I did go out and look for references on the web, but found very few.

Thanks again for your help.