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Lincoln Cent Errors - lots of pics and questions

I’m trying to learn more about mint errors. I’ve spent some time reading, looking at pictures, and searching through rolls of Lincoln cents. The double die vs. strike doubling is painful for me.
Can some of you experts take a look at these Lincoln cents and let me know what you think?

1983 - Double LIBERTY
This is the most vivid example of doubling I’ve found so far. Is this die deterioration doubling, strike doubling, or something else?
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1997 – Double 9s
I think this one is just normal strike doubling. I only see it around the date. Is that normal if it's strike doubling, or am I just not looking close enough elsewhere?
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1998-D – Doubled GOD
Is this more strike doubling?
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1993-D – Double Mint Mark
Is this strike doubling just around the mint mark? It looks like zinc showing, and the 'zinc shadow' looks rotated.
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1989-D – Shadow Around Date
I have no idea what this is. I see the outline of a second '8', but it doesn’t look like the other strike doubling I’ve seen. The 'shadow 8' doesn’t look raised, it looks etched below the field. What causes this? (yeah, I messed up the color in the pic trying to make the shadow show up more).
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1984-D – Repunched Mint Mark?
I can’t tell if this is just a vertical dent in the mintmark, or a RPM. I see something to the east of the mintmark, which may be another D. What do you think?
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1951-D – Filled 9
The '9' is filled in. Is that from a die chip, post mint damage, or something else?
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obverse

Thanks for taking the time to look at the pics and educate me. I hope someone else learns from this too.

Bob


Bob

Comments

  • GoldenEyeNumismaticsGoldenEyeNumismatics Posts: 13,187 ✭✭✭
    From the looks of it, everything you have found is machine doubling, except for maybe the 1983 cent.

    the shadow around the date on the 1989 D is nothing but die erosion.

    I'm not an expert on RPM's so I will let someone else take care of that.
  • Cam40Cam40 Posts: 8,146
    yes there more than a few types of doubling but the ones that bring a premium
    are doubled die errors where the die(s) themselves were accidentally made with
    a doubled image.
    most though are from die fatigue and worn dies or sometimes ejection doubling from the coin getting
    spit out from the die/collar. the coin would be really hot and the small devices ie; date/mm, motto might shift some
    being soft at that temperature.
    needless to say there are a bunch of types and their origins.

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