The Pine-Tree Shillings
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The Pine-Tree Shillings
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Captain John Hull, the mint-master of Massachusetts, coined all the money that was made there. This was a new line of business; for in the earlier days of the colony the coinage consisted of gold and silver money of England, Portugal, and Spain. These coins being scarce, the people were often forced to barter their commodities instead of selling them.
For instance, if a man wanted to buy a coat, he perhaps exchanged a bearskin for it. If he wished for a barrel of molasses, he might purchase it with a pile of pine boards. Musket bullets were used instead of farthings. The Indians had a sort of money called wampum, made of clamshells; this strange specie was likewise taken in payment of debts by the English settlers. Bank bills had never been heard of. There was not money enough of any kind, in many parts of the country, to pay the salaries of the ministers; they sometimes had to take quintals¹ of fish, bushels of corn, or cords of wood, instead of silver or gold.
As the people grew more numerous and their trade with one another increased, the want of money was still more sensibly felt. To supply the demand, the General Court passed a law for establishing a coinage of shillings, sixpences, and threepences. Captain John Hull was appointed to manufacture this money, and was to have about one shilling out of every twenty to pay him for the trouble of making them.
Hereupon all the old silver in the colony was handed over to Captain Hull. The battered silver cans and tankards, and silver buckles, and broken spoons, and silver buttons of worn-out coats, and silver hilts of swords that had figured at court-all such curious articles were doubtless thrown into the melting-pot together. But by far the greater part of the silver consisted of bullion from the mines of South America, which the English buccaneers, who were little better than pirates, had taken from the Spaniards and brought to Massachusetts.
All of this old and new silver being melted down and coined, the result was an immense amount of splendid shillings, sixpences, and threepences. Each had the date, 1652, on the one side, and the figure of a pine-tree on the other. Hence they were called pine-tree shillings. And for every twenty shillings that he coined, you will remember, Captain John Hull was entitled to put one shilling in his pocket.
The magistrates soon began to suspect that the mint-master would have the best of the bargain. They offered him a large sum of money if he would but give up that twentieth shilling which he was continually dropping into his pocket. But Captain Hull declared himself perfectly satisfied with the shilling. And well he might be; for so diligently did he labor that in a few years, his pockets, his money bags, and his strong box were overflowing with pine-tree shillings.
When the mint-master had grown very rich, a young man, Samuel Sewell by name, came courting his only daughter. His daughter --whose name I do not know, but we will call her Betsey-- was a fine, hearty damsel, by no means so slender as some ladies of of own days. On the contrary, having always fed heartily on pumpkin pies, doughnuts, Indian puddings, and other Puritan dainties, she was as round and plump as a pudding herself.
With this round, rosy Miss Betsey, Samuel Sewell fell in love. As he was a young man of good character, industrious in his business, and a member of the church, the mint-master very readily gave his consent. “Yes, you may take her,” said he, in his rough way; “and you’ll find her a heavy burden enough.”
On the wedding day we may suppose that honest John Hull dressed himself in a plum-colored coat, all the buttons of which were made of pine-tree shillings. The buttons of his waistcoat were sixpences. Thus attired, he sat with great dignity in his armchair; and, being a portly old gentleman, he completely filled it from elbow to elbow. On the opposite side of the room, between her bridesmaids, sat Miss Betsey. She was blushing with all her might, and looked like a full-blown peony or a big red apple.
There, too, was the bridegroom, dressed in a fine purple coat and gold-lace waistcoat, with as much other finery as the Puritan laws and customs would allow him to put on. His hair was cropped close to his head, because Governor Endicott had forbidden any man to wear it below the ears. But he was a personable young man; and so thought the bridesmaids and Miss Betsey herself.
The mint-master also was pleased with his new son-in-law, especially as he had courted Miss Betsey out of pure love, and had said nothing at all about her marriage portion, or dowry. So, when the marriage ceremony was over, Captain Hull whispered a word or two to his manservants, who immediately went out, and soon returned, lugging a large pair of scales. They were such a pair as wholesale merchants use for weighing bulky commodities; and quite a bulky commodity was now to be weighed in them.
“Daughter Betsey,” said the mint-master, “get into one side of these scales.”
Miss Betsey--or Mrs. Sewell, as we must now call her-- did as she was bid, like a dutiful child, without any question of the why or wherefore. But what her father could mean, unless to make her husband pay for her by the pound (in which case she would have been a dear bargain), she had not the least idea.
“And now,” said honest John Hull to the servants, “bring that box hither.”
The box to which the mint-master pointed was a huge, square iron-bound oaken chest, big enough for four or five children to play hide and seek in. The servants tugged with might and main, but could not lift the enormous receptacle, and were finally obliged to drag it across the floor.
Captain Hull then took a key from his girdle, unlocked the chest, and lifted its ponderous lid. Behold, it was full to the brim of bright pine-tree shillings, fresh from the mint; and Samuel Sewell began to think that his father-in-law had obtained possession of all the money in the Massachusetts treasury. But it was only the mint-master’s honest share of the coinage.
Then the servants, at Captain Hull’s command, heaped double handfuls of shillings into one side of the scales, while Betsey remained in the other. Jingle, jingle went the shillings, as handful after handful was thrown in, till, plump and ponderous as she was, they fairly weighed the young lady from the floor.
“There, son Sewell!” cried the honest mint-master; “take these shillings for my daughter’s portion. Use her kindly and thank Heaven for her. It is not every wife that’s worth her weight in silver.”
¹quintals--hundred-weights
Mr. Hawthorne declared this came from the pages of a true historical account, although he tried to tell it in a somewhat funnier style. Samuel Sewell later became chief justice of Massachusetts
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Captain John Hull, the mint-master of Massachusetts, coined all the money that was made there. This was a new line of business; for in the earlier days of the colony the coinage consisted of gold and silver money of England, Portugal, and Spain. These coins being scarce, the people were often forced to barter their commodities instead of selling them.
For instance, if a man wanted to buy a coat, he perhaps exchanged a bearskin for it. If he wished for a barrel of molasses, he might purchase it with a pile of pine boards. Musket bullets were used instead of farthings. The Indians had a sort of money called wampum, made of clamshells; this strange specie was likewise taken in payment of debts by the English settlers. Bank bills had never been heard of. There was not money enough of any kind, in many parts of the country, to pay the salaries of the ministers; they sometimes had to take quintals¹ of fish, bushels of corn, or cords of wood, instead of silver or gold.
As the people grew more numerous and their trade with one another increased, the want of money was still more sensibly felt. To supply the demand, the General Court passed a law for establishing a coinage of shillings, sixpences, and threepences. Captain John Hull was appointed to manufacture this money, and was to have about one shilling out of every twenty to pay him for the trouble of making them.
Hereupon all the old silver in the colony was handed over to Captain Hull. The battered silver cans and tankards, and silver buckles, and broken spoons, and silver buttons of worn-out coats, and silver hilts of swords that had figured at court-all such curious articles were doubtless thrown into the melting-pot together. But by far the greater part of the silver consisted of bullion from the mines of South America, which the English buccaneers, who were little better than pirates, had taken from the Spaniards and brought to Massachusetts.
All of this old and new silver being melted down and coined, the result was an immense amount of splendid shillings, sixpences, and threepences. Each had the date, 1652, on the one side, and the figure of a pine-tree on the other. Hence they were called pine-tree shillings. And for every twenty shillings that he coined, you will remember, Captain John Hull was entitled to put one shilling in his pocket.
The magistrates soon began to suspect that the mint-master would have the best of the bargain. They offered him a large sum of money if he would but give up that twentieth shilling which he was continually dropping into his pocket. But Captain Hull declared himself perfectly satisfied with the shilling. And well he might be; for so diligently did he labor that in a few years, his pockets, his money bags, and his strong box were overflowing with pine-tree shillings.
When the mint-master had grown very rich, a young man, Samuel Sewell by name, came courting his only daughter. His daughter --whose name I do not know, but we will call her Betsey-- was a fine, hearty damsel, by no means so slender as some ladies of of own days. On the contrary, having always fed heartily on pumpkin pies, doughnuts, Indian puddings, and other Puritan dainties, she was as round and plump as a pudding herself.
With this round, rosy Miss Betsey, Samuel Sewell fell in love. As he was a young man of good character, industrious in his business, and a member of the church, the mint-master very readily gave his consent. “Yes, you may take her,” said he, in his rough way; “and you’ll find her a heavy burden enough.”
On the wedding day we may suppose that honest John Hull dressed himself in a plum-colored coat, all the buttons of which were made of pine-tree shillings. The buttons of his waistcoat were sixpences. Thus attired, he sat with great dignity in his armchair; and, being a portly old gentleman, he completely filled it from elbow to elbow. On the opposite side of the room, between her bridesmaids, sat Miss Betsey. She was blushing with all her might, and looked like a full-blown peony or a big red apple.
There, too, was the bridegroom, dressed in a fine purple coat and gold-lace waistcoat, with as much other finery as the Puritan laws and customs would allow him to put on. His hair was cropped close to his head, because Governor Endicott had forbidden any man to wear it below the ears. But he was a personable young man; and so thought the bridesmaids and Miss Betsey herself.
The mint-master also was pleased with his new son-in-law, especially as he had courted Miss Betsey out of pure love, and had said nothing at all about her marriage portion, or dowry. So, when the marriage ceremony was over, Captain Hull whispered a word or two to his manservants, who immediately went out, and soon returned, lugging a large pair of scales. They were such a pair as wholesale merchants use for weighing bulky commodities; and quite a bulky commodity was now to be weighed in them.
“Daughter Betsey,” said the mint-master, “get into one side of these scales.”
Miss Betsey--or Mrs. Sewell, as we must now call her-- did as she was bid, like a dutiful child, without any question of the why or wherefore. But what her father could mean, unless to make her husband pay for her by the pound (in which case she would have been a dear bargain), she had not the least idea.
“And now,” said honest John Hull to the servants, “bring that box hither.”
The box to which the mint-master pointed was a huge, square iron-bound oaken chest, big enough for four or five children to play hide and seek in. The servants tugged with might and main, but could not lift the enormous receptacle, and were finally obliged to drag it across the floor.
Captain Hull then took a key from his girdle, unlocked the chest, and lifted its ponderous lid. Behold, it was full to the brim of bright pine-tree shillings, fresh from the mint; and Samuel Sewell began to think that his father-in-law had obtained possession of all the money in the Massachusetts treasury. But it was only the mint-master’s honest share of the coinage.
Then the servants, at Captain Hull’s command, heaped double handfuls of shillings into one side of the scales, while Betsey remained in the other. Jingle, jingle went the shillings, as handful after handful was thrown in, till, plump and ponderous as she was, they fairly weighed the young lady from the floor.
“There, son Sewell!” cried the honest mint-master; “take these shillings for my daughter’s portion. Use her kindly and thank Heaven for her. It is not every wife that’s worth her weight in silver.”
¹quintals--hundred-weights
Mr. Hawthorne declared this came from the pages of a true historical account, although he tried to tell it in a somewhat funnier style. Samuel Sewell later became chief justice of Massachusetts
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What happened to all those MS pine tree coins?
"Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you." -Luke 11:9
"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might." -Deut. 6:4-5
"For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our king; He will save us." -Isaiah 33:22
You just don't see post like this anymore - a great story!!
Geez, I been here a long time