Rare Copper Cent Discovered after Experts Confirm 1943/2-S over date Lincoln Cent Variety
Ssimpohl
Posts: 9 ✭
By Tom DeLorey , Special to Coin World
A new World War II overdate variety, a 1943/1942-S Lincoln cent, has been identified by variety experts, after being listed as a “regular” 1943 Lincoln, Doubled Die Obverse cent for years.
About a month ago, longtime collector James Elliott contacted me via the internet and said that another collector in the die variety collecting field, Pete Apple, had recommended that he contact me about a 1943-S Lincoln cent that he had with a known doubled die obverse that he thought was also a 1943/2-S overdate.
I think he is right, and my fellow die variety specialists Bill Fivaz, John Wexler and James Wiles agree with me, as does noted Lincoln cent specialist and author David Lange. In our unanimous opinion, the 1943/1942-S Lincoln cent is a true overdate.!
Though it is a known die variety, and has been for many years, it has only ever been recognized for its die doubling. It is currently listed as such in the Cherrypickers’ Guide by Bill Fivaz and the late J.T. Stanton: variety FS-101 (019.5) among the 1943-S Lincoln cents. The “(019.5)” number is an obsolete reference number from earlier editions of the Guide, and is noted because it might be found on older TPG slabs.
The misalignment of the designs between the 1942-dated hub and the 1943-dated hub pivots around a spot on the left obverse rim. Because of this swing, the coin shows only trivial doubling on the word LIBERTY close to the pivot point, but some fairly strong doubling almost due north and south at the base of the 1. There is similar doubling under the top curve of the 9 and along the right side the leg of the 9. There is extra metal below the sharp left angle of the 4 that corresponds in scale to the doubling on the 1 and the 9. Fairly rare early die state coins will also show similar doubling on the base of the 4, but this feature apparently was either worn off or polished off of the die early in its die life.
Elliott gets the credit for first suggesting that the doubled die was actually an overdated die, ever since he asked the question back in July of 2020 in a private online forum, “Lincoln Cent Errors and Varieties Only,” on Facebook. As he pointed out, “the extra metal to the upper right side of the 3 matches a 2.” He provided an overlay to show how an underlying 2 could account for that extra metal. As my colleagues and I have confirmed, this extra metal does not line up with any part of the 3 if the entire 1943 date were doubled in a north-south direction, the same way that the 1 and the 9 and the 4 are doubled.
Creating image overlays
As seen in the attached overlay of a 1943 date and a 1942 date, created by die variety specialist James Wiles, owner of the Variety Vista website, the high arched curve of the upper right part of a 2 falls into the field to the right of the top of the 3. Study the pictures of the overdate, and see that the blob of raised metal to the right of the top of the 3 cannot align with any part of a 3 that is doubled only north and south.
Extra metal inside the top of the 3 corresponds with the upper left curve of the 2, though its similarity to the upper left curve of the 3 must be acknowledged. However, it does seem to match the angle of the upper left curve of the 2 more than that of the 3. There is extra metal below the center “tine” of the 3 that corresponds with the lower left curve of the 2, above the base of the 2 (which is not present).
If you are wondering why there is nothing else inside the bottom of the 3, look at the images of normal 1942 and 1943 dates and see that the 2 is rather short, the same height as the 4, while the 3 is much taller, the same height as the 9. A portion of the 3 would be down there if the 3 were doubled, and there is nothing.
Why is the base of the 2 missing and the upper right curve of the 2 weak? This is a function of the hubbing process. Back then blank dies were polished down to a very shallow cone on the end to help the positive steel hub transform the negative steel die more effectively. As the hub came into contact with the die blank, the center of the design would form first, and then spread outwards as the hub sank deeper and deeper into the die.
Eventually the die became work hardened from all this pressure, and so the hub stopped entering the conical die blank before the design impression had reached out all the way to the rim of the die. The die now needed to be annealed, or heated in an oven to a certain temperature and allowed to cool slowly overnight. This softened the die steel. On the next working day it was put back under a design hub for another impression. Sometimes this process had to be repeated more than once, depending upon the diameter and relief of the design, the skill of the annealer, the skill of the hubber, etc.
If the second (or third) hub impression happened to be from a different hub with a different date, the result would be an overdate, “IF” the earlier date was sufficiently formed during the previous impression(s). Dual date hubbing could have happened near the end of any calendar year when the Engraving Department was still producing dies for current usage from the current year’s hub while simultaneously producing dies from the next year’s hub, to have some ready for use on Jan. 2.
Similar varieties
The same thing happened with the 1909/8 Coronet gold double eagle, the 1918/7-D Indian Head 5-cent coin, the 1918/7-S Standing Liberty quarter dollar, the 1942/41 and 1942-D Winged Liberty Head dimes, and the 1943/42-P Jefferson 5-cent coin. It has been speculated that it is no coincidence that six of the seven modern hubbed overdates occurred during wartime, when the Mint would be less inclined to scrap out a blundered but perfectly usable die. It is also possible that one or more of the skilled hubbers was off serving his country in the military.
Details of the diagnostics
On this particular die, the outer parts of the design, such as IN GOD WE TRUST, were not formed by the first impression, and so they could not be doubled by the second impression of the hub. Over in the word LIBERTY, the BERTY shows some very trivial die doubling (being close to the pivot point), while the letters LI show no doubling at all because they did not exist before the second hubbing. The upper right curve of the 2 was incompletely formed by the first hubbing, while the flat base of the 2 was not formed because it lies closer to the rim.
Something similar can be seen on the 1943/42-P 5-cent coin, on which the top of the date is closest to the rim. It shows a strong base of the 2 from the original hubbing, but not the center or top of the 2. The result was a 3 over a partial 2. By contrast, if only the bases of LIBERTY and IN GOD WE TRUST were formed by the 1942 hub impression, the letters were simply finished normally by the subsequent 1943 impression.
Several examples of the 1943/1942-S Lincoln cent have been examined. Only the earliest die states show doubling at the bottom of the upright of the 4. Middle to later die states show some strong vertical die polish lines, as might have been caused by the use of an emery stick to clean the die, in the field above the date.
The last discovery
The new discovery mirrors the discovery of another wartime overdate decades ago.
About 45 years ago, collector Del Romines came into my office at Coin World’s Collectors Clearinghouse with two well-worn 1943-P Jefferson 5-cent coins that he thought were 1943/2-P overdates. I thought that he might be right, so I took pictures of his coins, published them in Coin World, and asked if anybody had a higher grade example that could verify the overdate. One week later a member of my local coin club, Bern Nagengast, cherrypicked a sharp Brilliant Uncirculated example at a coin show, and the 1943/42-P Jefferson 5-cent coin was confirmed. At the time people were amazed that it had taken almost 35 years for the overdate to be noticed.
The new cent die variety will continue to be listed in the Cherrypickers Guide as FS-101, though a new description of it will be forthcoming. The description in the Numismatic Guaranty Co.’s Variety Plus archives will also be amended.
Credits
I would like to thank James Elliott for having the wisdom to look at “what everybody knows is so” and ask questions. I would also like to thank Bill Fivaz, David Lange, John Wexler and Dr. James Wiles for their invaluable contributions in adding yet another overdate to the canon of American die varieties. To those of you who were amazed when I published the 1943/42-P 5-cent coin some 35 years after it was first struck, all I can say 79 years after the 1943/1942-S cent was first struck is: “KEEP LOOKING!!!”
Comments
Your cent appears to be from 1946, and it is certainly not the overdate mentioned.
Coin Photographer.
Calling @CaptHenway!
In honor of the memory of Cpl. Michael E. Thompson
Damaged 1946
I just turned on the Fred searchlight.
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Here's what it should look like, thank you CoinFacts.
Jim
When a man who is honestly mistaken hears the truth, he will either quit being mistaken or cease to be honest....Abraham Lincoln
Patriotism is supporting your country all the time, and your government when it deserves it.....Mark Twain
Hmmm. Known overdate is steel, poster's coin is copper (bronze/brass).
Nice try.
Are you you sure it's not supposed to look like this? 😊
That looks like a reprocessed cent currently on ebay. Plated possibly.
Jim
When a man who is honestly mistaken hears the truth, he will either quit being mistaken or cease to be honest....Abraham Lincoln
Patriotism is supporting your country all the time, and your government when it deserves it.....Mark Twain
My money is on me . But Thanks
Yours is a perfect match (except for the metal composition, the last numeral in the date and the mintmark).
Mark Feld* of Heritage Auctions*Unless otherwise noted, my posts here represent my personal opinions.
🙋
Looks good to me.
If a microscope is needed to see the variety, it's not that interesting to collect.
Totally agree. This variety will never catch on as a must have coin among Lincoln cent collectors unless it's listed in the Red Book as a major variety.
Worry is the interest you pay on a debt you may not owe.
"Paper money eventually returns to its intrinsic value---zero."----Voltaire
"Everything you say should be true, but not everything true should be said."----Voltaire
My money is on me . But Thanks> @Ssimpohl said:
I'll Take some of that action!
Martin
What's your IQ ?
Most people couldn't see an arrow without directions first . Enough said . 🤣
I'm gonna leave it right here. If you call that a 46,. your IQ does not fit the title . Have a good day
.
Funny cuz that is what we were about to ask you.
See the thing is: The article you cut and pasted was actually written by the guy who responded 3rd to your post.
He said it's not what you think it is.
In other words: It's not what you think it is.
--Severian the Lame