What qualifies a card grader?

I collect mostly raw cards simply becuase it is cheaper and I do not have the budget to spend a lot on someone looking at my card and giving it a number. I have always wondered what qualifications are needed to grade cards. Last I checked I did not see "Sportscard Grader" in my local college course schedule. We problably collect more cards than the card graders, and I would think we probably have a better eye than a lot of them. Seriously what is needed as background besides a opinon?
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With those two pre-reqs, I'm sure it all boils down to a very mechanical process that doesn't require a whole great deal of intelligence or skill, IMO.
It doesnt take a PHD, that's for sure.
I'll see you in hell.